Table 1 Descriptive statistics

Individual-level variables

 Gender

1 (Male); 0 (Female)

N.A

N.A

0.48 (0.5)

 Age

Age of respondents

39.02 (0.35)

40.03 (0.35)

39.54 (0.25)

 Marital status

1 (Married and living with spouse)

0 (Single, divorced or widowed)

74.76

25.24

81.87

18.13

78.46

21.54

 Household size

Number of family members living together

3.7 (1.19)

3.83 (1.22)

3.77 (1.2)

 Car ownership

1 (One family owing at least one car)

0 (Having no car)

68.44

31.56

67.27

32.73

67.83

32.17

 Homeownership

1 (Owning a home)

0 (Renting or others)

78.67

21.33

76.27

23.73

77.52

22.48

Objective environment

 Density

Population density within 1 km-buffered neighbourhood (persons/ha)

1.77 (0.79)

1.76 (0.79)

1.77 (0.79)

 Diversity

Intensity of land use mix, measured on a scale from 0 (least diversified) to 1 (most diversified)

0.74 (0.06)

0.75 (0.07)

0.74 (0.06)

 Design

Number of road intersections in the neighbourhood

3.59 (1.29)

3.52 (1.33)

3.56 (1.32)

 Access

Number of service facilities in the neighbourhood

1.04 (0.85)

0.99 (0.85)

1.01 (0.85)

 Transit

Number of bus stops in the neighbourhood

0.15 (0.07)

0.15 (0.07)

0.15 (0.07)

 Green

The human-viewed street greenery

0.25 (0.07)^*

0.24 (0.07)^*

0.25 (0.07)

Subjective environment

 Convenience

My neighbourhood is convenient to various facilities

3.49 (0.97)^*

3.42(0.97)^*

3.45 (0.97)

 Walkability

My neighbourhood is friendly to walk

2.64 (0.65)

2.64(0.61)

2.64 (0.63)

 Aesthetics

My neighbourhood is aesthetically appealing

2.64 (0.68)^*

2.69(0.62)^*

2.67 (0.65)

 Safety

My neighbourhood is safe and crime-free

2.83 (0.59)

2.81 (0.6)

2.82 (0.6)

 Crowd

My neighbourhood is densely populated

2.85 (0.59)

2.84 (0.58)

2.84 (0.59)

Walking behaviour

 Transport walking

Time spent on transport walking (e.g. commuting or shopping) per week (minutes)

74.79

(107.9)^***

90.27

(93.91)^***

82.84

(101.14)

 Leisure walking

Time spent on leisure walking (e.g. for park visit or recreation) per week (minutes)

106.88

(132.82)^**

118.21

(129.64)^**

112.78

(131.27)

Health outcomes

 BMI

Weight (kg)/square of height (m)

23.05 (2.63)^**

21.41 (2.94)^***

22.19 (2.91)

 Overweight

1 (BMI ≥ 24); 0 (0 < BMI < 24)

0.34 (0.47)^***

0.17 (0.38)^***

0.25 (0.44)