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Table 2 Diagnostic Testing Performed at Geographic Sites in the Bantayan Archipelago

From: Using geographic rescue time contours, point-of-care strategies, and spatial care paths to prepare island communities for global warming, rising oceans, and weather disasters

Geographic Site (N), Goal, and Hours

Diagnostic Tests

Hematology

Chemistry

Microbiology

Notes and Exceptions

Barangay Health Stations (49). Preventative care. (No beds.) M-F 8–5 and on call Saturday/Sunday

None

Glucose meter (operable when test strips are available), O2 saturation (pulse oximeter)

None

•27 (55.1%) Barangay Health Stations have glucose test strips

•22 (44.9%) without strips cannot use meters

Birthing Homes (3). Midwives assist deliveries. Open 24/7

None

Pulse oximeter, glucose meter, pregnancy test

None

•Prenatal screening is performed in Rural Health Units

Rural Health Units (3). Preventative and primary care. M-F 8–5 and on call Saturday and Sunday

CBC, Hct, platelet count,

blood typing (A, B, O, Rh)

O2 saturation (pulse oximetry), FBS/RBS, SGOT, SGPT, uric acid, Chol, Cr, BUN, UA,

lipid panel, pregnancy test (urine beta-HCG)

COVID-19 RAgT, HIV, TB (GeneXpert), Dengue (NS1), stool exam (gross, bacteria, parasites, ova), syphilis, HBsAg

•Prenatal screening comprises CBC, FBS, HBsAg, and UA

•Lipid panel — total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL

•No blood gas testing

• UTZ — availability depends on radiologists

District Hospital (1). ER, labor and delivery, limited surgery (e.g., C-section); local referral hospital with limited specialty services. 25 beds with reserve capacity to 55. M-Sat 8–5, on call evenings, Sunday

CBC, Hct, platelet count, HbA1c, blood typing

Electrolytesa (Ca++, K + , Na+, Cl−), Glu, FBS, OGTT, ALT, AST, uric acid, Chol, lipid panel, Cr, BUN, UA, pregnancy test. Glucose meters and pulse oximeters in the ER

COVID-19 RAgT, RT-PCR. HIV, Dengue (duo rapid test), Salmonella typhi (rapid test), stool exam, FOB, syphilis, HBsAg, HCV screening test

•Qualitative cTnI testingb is performed in lab only when reagents are available. [No cTnT.]

•Blood gas testing (pO2, pCO2, pH) not available

• Genruic instrument for cTnI, NT-proBNP, CK-MB, and myoglobin testing not used – no reagents

Private Laboratory

 Oasis. Referral lab and limited diagnostic care. M-Sat 7–6. Closed Sundays

CBC and blood typing on site

Pregnancy test (serum) and UA on site

Syphilis and stool exam on site

•UTZ for pregnancy

•Branch lab outsources other tests to main lab in Bogo, Cebu Province

  1. a) Genrui (Shenzhen, China). Electrolyte Analyzer GE 300. Ion-selective instrument that measures ionized calcium (Ca + +), potassium, sodium, and chloride. https://www.genrui-bio.com/products/electrolyte-analyzer-ge300.html Accessed November 22, 2023
  2. b) InTec (Fujian, China). Qualitative One-step (15–20 min) Troponin I Test Card (sensitivity not specified; whole blood, plasma, or serum). https://www.intecasi.com/rapid-troponin-i-test_p67.html. Accessed November 22, 2023
  3. c) Genrui (Shenzhen, China). Quantitative Immunoassay Analyzer FA50. https://www.genrui-bio.com/products/quantitative-immunoassay-analyzer-fa50.html Accessed November 22, 2023
  4. 24/7, service all days/hours; ALT alanine transaminase (SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase), AST aspartate transaminase (SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), BUN blood urea nitrogen, CBC complete blood count, Chol cholesterol, CK-MB creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, COVID-19 Coronavirus infectious disease 2019, Cr creatinine, cTnI/T cardiac troponin I/T, ER emergency room, FBS fasting blood sugar, FOB fecal occult blood, HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen, HbA1c hemoglobin A1C, HCG human chorionic gonadotropin hormone, Hct hematocrit, HDL high density lipoprotein, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, LDL low density lipoprotein, Myo myoglobin, NS1 Non-Structural Protein 1, NT-proBNP, NT-proB type brain natriuretic peptide, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test; RAgT rapid antigen test, RBS, random blood sugar, RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, TB Tuberculosis, UA urine analysis, and UTZ ultrasound