Table 2 Characteristics of the study population and the area (data from school entrance examination, city of Hannover, 2010–2014, n = 22,678)
| Â | N (%) | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variables | |||||
 Body mass index percentile | 50.1 |  | 27.9 | 0 | 99.8 |
 Overweight* (> 90th percentile) | 9.70% |  |  |  |  |
 Obese > 97th percentile | 4.10% |  |  |  |  |
Individual level factors | |||||
 Age |  |  | 6 | 0.4 | 4 |
 Sex |  |  |  |  |  |
  Boys | 51.50% |  |  |  |  |
  Girls | 48.50% |  |  |  |  |
Migration background | |||||
 Yes | 49.40% |  |  |  |  |
 No | 50.60% |  |  |  |  |
Family structure | |||||
 Single parent/  Blended family | 2.80% |  |  |  |  |
 Nuclear family | 97.20% |  |  |  |  |
Siblings | |||||
  ≥ 2 siblings | 30.50% |  |  |  |  |
  < 2 siblings | 69.50% |  |  |  |  |
Child day care participation | |||||
  < 3 years | 18.70% |  |  |  |  |
  ≥ 3 years | 81.30% |  |  |  |  |
Parental educational level | |||||
 Higher | 36.90% |  |  |  |  |
 Middle | 26.20% |  |  |  |  |
 Lower | 36.90% |  |  |  |  |
Birth weight | |||||
 High (> 4000 g) | 10.60% |  |  |  |  |
 Normal (2500–4000 g) | 80.10% |  |  |  |  |
 Low (< 2500 g) | 6.60% |  |  |  |  |
Area level factors | |||||
 Unemployment rate |  | 8.70% | 3.20% | 1.90% | 16.10% |
 Proportion of residents with migration background in the area |  | 25.60% | 9.50% | 6.50% | 50.30% |
 Residential density (residents per hectare) |  | 32.9 | 32.9 | 1 | 168 |
Greenspace availability indices (Area level) | |||||
 Greenspace availibility by NDVI |  | 41.70% | 20.00% | 0.90% | 87.10% |
 Greenspace availibility by UA |  | 22.30% | 19.10% | 0.10% | 81.50% |
 Greenspace availibility by OSM |  | 29.80% | 16.30% | 0.90% | 88.90% |